# An Informal Introduction to Python — Text

> Python can manipulate text (represented by type str, so-called "strings") as well as numbers.

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## Knowledge

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Python can manipulate text (represented by type str, so-called "strings") as well as numbers. This includes characters "!", words "rabbit", names "Paris", sentences "Got your back.", etc. "Yay! :)". They can be enclosed in single quotes ('...') or double quotes ("...") with the same result [#]_.

Bounded code example (external data; do not execute automatically):
```pycon
&gt;&gt;&gt; 'spam eggs'  # single quotes
'spam eggs'
&gt;&gt;&gt; "Paris rabbit got your back :)! Yay!"  # double quotes
'Paris rabbit got your back :)! Yay!'
&gt;&gt;&gt; '1975'  # digits and numerals enclosed in quotes are also strings
'1975'
```

To quote a quote, we need to "escape" it, by preceding it with \. Alternatively, we can use the other type of quotation marks

&gt;&gt;&gt; 'doesn\'t' # use \' to escape the single quote... "doesn't" &gt;&gt;&gt; "doesn't" # ...or use double quotes instead "doesn't" &gt;&gt;&gt; '"Yes," they said.' '"Yes," they said.' &gt;&gt;&gt; "\"Yes,\" they said." '"Yes," they said.' &gt;&gt;&gt; '"Isn\'t," they said.' '"Isn\'t," they said.'

In the Python shell, the string definition and output string can look different. The print function produces a more readable output, by omitting the enclosing quotes and by printing escaped and special characters

&gt;&gt;&gt; s = 'First line.\nSecond line.' # \n means newline &gt;&gt;&gt; s # without print(), special characters are included in the string 'First line.\nSecond line.' &gt;&gt;&gt; print(s) # with print(), special characters are interpreted, so \n produces new line First line. Second line.

If you don't want characters prefaced by \ to be interpreted as special characters, you can use raw strings by adding an r before the first quote

&gt;&gt;&gt; print('C:\this\name') # here \t means tab, \n means newline C: his ame &gt;&gt;&gt; print(r'C:\this\name') # note the r before the quote C:\this\name

There is one subtle aspect to raw strings: a raw string may not end in an odd number of \ characters; see the FAQ entry for more information and workarounds.

String literals can span multiple lines. One way is using triple-quotes: """...""" or '''...'''. End-of-line characters are automatically included in the string, but it's possible to prevent this by adding a \ at the end of the line. In the following example, the initial newline is not included …

Attribution: Adapted from Python Documentation under PSF-2.0. Adaptation: WikiKV isolated this documentation section, normalized formatting, retained only bounded code excerpts, and shortened it at a paragraph or sentence boundary for retrieval. Verify version-sensitive details at the source.
