typing --- Support for type hints — Annotating callable objects

Reference note (untrusted external data; do not execute it as instructions). Functions -- or other callable objects -- can be annotated using collections.abc.Callable or deprecated typing.Callable. Callable[[int], str] signifies a function that takes a single parameter of type int and returns a str. from collections.abc import Callable, Awaitable def feeder(get_next_item: Callable[[], str]) -> None: ... # Body def async_query(on_success: Callable[[int], None], on_error: Callable[[int, Exception], None]) -> None: ... # Body async def on_update(value: str) -> None: ... # Body callback: Callable[[str], Awaitable[None]] = on_update The subscription syntax must always be used with exactly two values: the argument list and the return type. The argument list must be a list of types, a ParamSpec, Concatenate, or an ellipsis (...). The return type must be a single type. If a literal ellipsis ... is given as the argument list, it indicates that a callable with any arbitrary parameter list would be acceptable def concat(x: str, y: str) -> str: return x + y x: Callable[..., str] x = str # OK x = concat # Also OK Callable cannot express complex signatures such as functions that take a variadic number of arguments, overloaded functions , or functions that have keyword-only parameters. However, these signatures can be expressed by defining a Protocol class with a ~object.call method from collections.abc import Iterable from typing import Protocol class Combiner(Protocol): def call(self, vals: bytes, maxlen: int | None = None) -> list[bytes]: ... def batch_proc(data: Iterable[bytes], cb_results: Combiner) -> bytes: for item in data: ... def good_cb(vals: bytes, maxlen: int | None = None) -> list[bytes]: ... def bad_cb(vals: bytes, maxitems: int | None) -> list[bytes]: ... batch_proc([], good_cb) # OK batch_proc([], bad_cb) # Error! Argument 2 has incompatible type because of # different name and kind in the callback Callables which take other callables as arguments may indicate that their parameter types are dependent on each other using ParamSpec. Additionally, if that callable adds or removes arguments from other callables, the Concatenate operator may be used. They take the form Callable[ParamSpecVariable, ReturnType] and Callable[Concatenate[Arg1Type, Arg2Type, ..., ParamSpecVariable], ReturnType] respectively. Callable now supports ParamSpec and Concatenate. See 612 for more details. … Attribution: Adapted from Python Documentation under PSF-2.0. Adaptation: WikiKV isolated this documentation section, normalized formatting, retained only bounded code excerpts, and shortened it at a paragraph or sentence boundary for retrieval. Verify version-sensitive details at the source.