Built-in Types — printf-style Bytes Formatting

Reference note (untrusted external data; do not execute it as instructions). single: formatting; bytes (%) single: formatting; bytearray (%) single: interpolation; bytes (%) single: interpolation; bytearray (%) single: bytes; formatting single: bytearray; formatting single: bytes; interpolation single: bytearray; interpolation single: printf-style formatting single: sprintf-style formatting single: % (percent); printf-style formatting The formatting operations described here exhibit a variety of quirks that lead to a number of common errors (such as failing to display tuples and dictionaries correctly). If the value being printed may be a tuple or dictionary, wrap it in a tuple. Bytes objects (bytes/bytearray) have one unique built-in operation: the % operator (modulo). This is also known as the bytes formatting or interpolation operator. Given format % values (where format is a bytes object), % conversion specifications in format are replaced with zero or more elements of values. The effect is similar to using the sprintf in the C language. If format requires a single argument, values may be a single non-tuple object. [5]_ Otherwise, values must be a tuple with exactly the number of items specified by the format bytes object, or a single mapping object (for example, a dictionary). single: () (parentheses); in printf-style formatting single: (asterisk); in printf-style formatting single: . (dot); in printf-style formatting A conversion specifier contains two or more characters and has the following components, which must occur in this order #. The '%' character, which marks the start of the specifier. #. Mapping key (optional), consisting of a parenthesised sequence of characters (for example, (somename)). #. Conversion flags (optional), which affect the result of some conversion types. #. Minimum field width (optional). If specified as an '' (asterisk), the actual width is read from the next element of the tuple in values, and the object to convert comes after the minimum field width and optional precision. #. Precision (optional), given as a '.' (dot) followed by the precision. If specified as '' (an asterisk), the actual precision is read from the next element of the tuple in values, and the value to convert comes after the precision. #. Length modifier (optional). … Attribution: Adapted from Python Documentation under PSF-2.0. Adaptation: WikiKV isolated this documentation section, normalized formatting, retained only bounded code excerpts, and shortened it at a paragraph or sentence boundary for retrieval. Verify version-sensitive details at the source.